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Welcome everyone. Thanks for joining us today.
My name is Amy and I'm from the Access and

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Learning team here at the National Portrait
Gallery. We're currently joining you from

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the unseeded sovereign lands of the Ngunnawal
people. And I'd like to pay my respects to

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the ongoing custodianship of the lands, waterways and
skies of where I was born and currently stand.

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I'd also like to extend my welcome to all Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islanders joining

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us today and encourage everyone able to use the chat
function of Zoom to let us know which country

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you are joining us from today. Some Zoom tips just
before we start today's program. Being the

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National Portrait Gallery, we love to see your faces
and classrooms. If you are happy to keep

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your cameras on, that would be great, but we do ask
that you stay muted. We also recommend speak

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of you. So now I'd like to introduce Jess Herrington,
our facilitator for today's brains versus

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computers science week workshop. Over to you, Jess.
Hi everyone. My name is Jess. I am an artist and

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a neuroscientist. So the sort of art that I do is digital
and neuroscience is a study of the human

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brain. So in this workshop today, we will explore
the fascinating similarities and differences

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between our brains and computers. Then we'll dive
into some fun and creative art activities,

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which will help us understand these concepts better.
And finally, we'll end with an exciting

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challenge. We'll design an artwork inspired by what
we've learned about brains and computers.

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And I can see that you've come from all around Australia
today, which is really exciting. Thanks

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for writing in the chat where you're from. Okay, so
our brains and computers are pretty incredible.

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So there's some things that are similar between
brains and computers and some things that are

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different. And you might know some of these or you
might not. So as you know, both the brain and

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computers use electrical signals to communicate. So
as you can see in this image on the side here,

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there's a picture of a human brain, which looks like
it has lights in it, but human brains don't

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really have lights in it. It's pretty dark inside
there. If people always draw it as lighting up

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because they're just trying to illustrate that idea
of electrical signals. But right next to that

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brain is a picture of a neuron, which is a special
type of cell that exists in our brains. And it's

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what our brains are made up of. Neurons are really,
really tiny. In humans, you can't see a neuron

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with just your eye, you need a microscope. So this
is kind of what our brains look like. This is a

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plastic one. So the really cool thing about the human
brain is that just like a computer, we have

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what's called memory. So memory in a human brain is
about connections between those neurons. And

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there's a saying that neurons that fire together,
wire together. So what that means is the more

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you think about something, the stronger that connection
becomes. The more you do something,

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the stronger that connection becomes. So maybe you
want to practice something like tennis or

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soccer. The more you practice it, the better you'll
become. And that's a really cool human thing.

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So computers don't really work like that. Computers
store data in chips. So while humans

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are capable of learning and adapting to new information,
we can learn new skills, we can do

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new things, pick up new things in our environment.
Computers use software updates. Another really

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cool thing that I want to tell you about the human
brain, which is pretty unique, is you'll notice

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that the human brain has all these funny wrinkly,
wriggly lines around it. So these are called

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sulci. And that's a really important feature of human
brains, because it allows us to fit a lot

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of information into quite a small space. So if
you were to look at another type of brain of

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another animal, like say a rat or a bee or any other
animal that can't do more complex things,

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like drive cars, do maths, that kind of stuff, their
brains are a lot smoother. So even though

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there are some animals that have much larger brains,
like elephants and like whales, they don't

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actually have as many wrinkles, they're not packing
as much information in. So that's a

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pretty cool and unique human thing that we've got
going on. So humans are also different to

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computers in that computers, as you'll probably know,
process information with ones and zeros.

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It's quite a different sort of way of processing
information. It is kind of a little bit hard

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to understand and it's a little bit abstract, a bit
different to how we usually experience stuff.

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But I'll just go to the next slide. We'll see
what's there. So artificial intelligence

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you might have heard of before. It's kind of been
in the news a lot lately. Lots of people

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are talking about it and talking about how it's going
to change our world. And it's a pretty important

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scientific development because it's like
giving computers their own mini brain.

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And that's really exciting because it means that all
of a sudden computers and computer programs

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can learn and adapt a little bit like humans
do, not as well as humans do,

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but they can start to make better decisions. They can
do things like drive a car. So you might have

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heard of self-driving cars where the computer in the
car is able to see the traffic in front of it

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and avoid danger and go around other cars without
having a crash. You might have also

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used AI like Siri or Alexa where it can chat to you
and communicate. But the really important thing

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is it's different to people because it can't
understand the information like humans do.

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So humans are pretty unique and pretty important
and can really understand what the information

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means. Computers just follow instructions
and that's what AI does as well.

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So yeah, AI helps computers adapt and change
based on the information they receive,

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just like how our brains learn
from our surroundings.

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And yeah, so someone in the chat has actually written
that the octopus famously has quite a

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smooth brain which is correct. They do. And the octopus
brain is pretty unique as well because

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it's actually spread quite a lot throughout their
body like a starfish. It's quite unique in that

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sense as well. So like a starfish is pretty cool
because they don't have a centralized brain

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in the middle. They'll have like sort of like a
ring and then their brains actually extend

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into their like tentacles which is pretty amazing. All
right. Cool. So a really important thing is to

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talk about like how computers see versus how humans
see. So a lot of what science tries to do I think

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in terms of understanding how we move around our
world and understand our environment is

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sometimes some scientists might try and replicate
different human senses. So the sense of touch,

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the sense of sound and sight and smell. So
sight is probably one of the easier ones

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to try and replicate and that's where people have gotten
the furthest really in terms of the science.

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So with a human our brain interprets images and
stuff that's visually around us based on our

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experiences but we also connect that to emotions,
things that have happened to us before like you

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know if you might have been somewhere and you've been
swooped by a magpie and that was a horrible

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experience for you. You might avoid that place
later on. Computers don't really do that.

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We also have context. So we might know that the
magpie is going to swoop us in spring time

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but not in winter. So it's okay to walk through this
place in winter but not in spring. So that's

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one example. So when we look around our space we see
more than just shapes and colors. We actually

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see stories and that's a really important part of
human experience. So computers are different

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because they process images pixel by pixel which
is what images are made up of on a computer.

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Tiny little dots and they analyze patterns and colors
but without that emotional connection.

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So I'm going to start off with getting you guys
to do a little activity. I'd like to

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usually use drawing materials to copy a special
artwork from the Portrait Gallery collection.

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So I'll share the artwork details on the next slide
but this is something we're going to do with

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real physical materials. So whatever you have to
hand you can use paper, you can use cardboard,

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you can use pens, pencils, text, whatever you've got.
That's perfectly fine. So what we're going to

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do is try and copy a drawing as best we can and then
we're going to compare those drawings that

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we've done with our friends or with other people on
the chat and talk about why our drawings might

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be similar and why they might be different and how
our emotional connections and our stories

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might affect the way that we draw. So this is the
artwork from the Portrait Gallery collection.

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It's called Self Portrait with Glove. It was done
in 1939 by Herbert Badham. It's an oil painting

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and you can see it's a man smoking a pipe wearing a
special scarf called a cravat and pulling on a

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glove. So interestingly the artist might have special
connections of why they painted this

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particular collection of objects with this person
so you might like to think about that. So

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if you can get your drawing materials ready and
give it a go see if you can copy this image

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as well as you can and then we'll see the differences
that everyone has. So I'm just going

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to be quiet for a little bit but if you have any questions
in the meantime just pop it in the chat.

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Someone said that's so hard. Yes it totally is but
that's also kind of the point right. So your

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artwork is going to be totally different to this artist
even though you're trying to copy the same

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thing. So just do as well as you can and if you
want to change it up and make it a little bit

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unique to you like drawing objects that
you care about you can do that too.

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So someone in the chat has just asked can it
be a person like that or the same person?

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The interpretation is open to you. I suppose what we're
trying to do here is copy the same sort of

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subject so it's a person sitting in a chair pulling
on a glove maybe smoking a pipe but

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the interpretation will be unique to you. You
can put your own style and spin on it.

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If you want to draw a woman sitting
in the chair you can do that too.

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You can draw yourself sitting in the chair. Someone's
written in the chat is this hard

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but maybe they meant to write this is hard. Yeah it
is but I guess the cool thing is that next we

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will do an activity where we play around with an
AI system and it will be a little bit of a

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different experience. Do you have to do the background
is something someone has also asked in

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the chat? Yes I think the background is pretty
important because there's lots of objects in

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there that might have hidden meaning. I can see some
books. I can see a woman sitting in maybe a

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mirror or a painting in the background. Someone
said what happens if you don't do it? That's

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perfectly okay you can just sit and listen and have
a think about it. How you would draw it.

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Interestingly someone has said hands are hard to draw.
Yeah they are and that's a really interesting

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point because AI systems find hands really hard
to draw too just like a person I suppose. The

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really interesting thing about drawing hands for a computer
is that you have a left and a right hand

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but which looks similar but different and a computer
doesn't really understand that so well.

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You know when we draw faces we sort of have two halves
of the same face and it's sort of quite

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symmetrical but hands are sort of opposites. So computers
get that wrong sometimes. Too interesting

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effects sometimes you might end up with
more or less than five fingers.

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Someone said their hands look like bananas.
That's wonderful I love it.

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If anyone has any drawings that they'd like
to show up put up to the screen.

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Oh I can see an amazing one there. Pretty cool. Yeah
wow. Amazing. Wow you've done so great all

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of you. So many. It's a pretty hard job though isn't
it trying to learn to draw a person isn't it

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and especially copying something that already exists.
There's a lot of detail to take in but

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you guys have all done amazing. Wow and I can see
some of you chose to use color and some of you

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chose to just use pencils. That's amazing. Well done.
That's great. Okay well we might move on.

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Okay now we're going to spend a little bit longer on
this activity because I think you'll need it.

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So what we're going to do is we're going to now create
an artwork using AI which is going to be

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pretty fun. So this the idea of this activity
is to really think about what you just drew

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and what the original artwork is and you're going
to try and prompt an AI system to create the

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painting that you've just seen. So I'll show it again
after this slide so you don't have to just

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try and remember it. So yeah we're going to create a
unique artwork. We're going to use an AI system

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like Darlie but if you have another one that you prefer
to use that's totally fine. There are other

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options available. So we're going to try and recreate
an image like self-portrait with glove.

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So if you want you could create your own special
version of the self-portrait with glove. You

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could think about what you'd like to include. Maybe
there are some special objects that are

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meaningful to you. Maybe you'd like to have the
person represent you. Or you could try taking

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a photo of your hand-drawn artwork using a phone
if your parent or teacher is able to help you

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and you can upload that to Darlie and generate variations
and see what that looks like using

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the AI system. So what we're trying to remember is
to try and blend our own unique human creativity

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with the AI to create interesting and inspiring results.
So if you don't want to use an AI system

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or you have extra time you can instead create a
unique drawing yourself using pens and paper

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that highlights the differences that you've learned
about brains and computers or come up with an

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interesting design. So someone in the chat has just
mentioned that they don't have Darlie because it

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is no longer free. It's free when you first sign
up. There are options. You can either sign up

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with another email address. That'll give you another
free account so you'll have credits.

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If you don't have Darlie and you don't want to use
that one there's also Bing. There's an image

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generator in Bing on Microsoft Edge but you do have
to install Microsoft Edge. And if you don't

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have access to these AI systems you can do the
alternative activity that I just mentioned.

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Cheers.

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[no audio]

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Okay, I'm going to demonstrate
one of the examples.

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Can I share my screen, Hector?

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Cool.

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So this is what Darlie looks like.

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So you can have a little look at how I'm
using this system if you'd like.

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So what I'm going to do is actually...

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I'm going to...

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Sorry, can I just go back to the slides?

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For a second, I do need to show
them the image again.

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Great.

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So this is the sort of image that
we're trying to recreate.

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And up here, I've put an example prompt.

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So the prompt is the thing that
you put into an AI system.

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It's a string of words.

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Sometimes it's crafted as a sentence,

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but by no means do you have to have it
as a grammatically complete sentence

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because computers actually understand
language quite differently as well.

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So here I've written realistic painting
1930s self-portrait with gloves

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sitting in chair with pipe.

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So now I'll switch to the AI generator and I'll
show you what we get when we put that in.

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So we'll generate.

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[silence]

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All right.

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So this is the kind of results
that we're getting.

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So we're getting something that's
in the style of a painting.

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It looks like a man sitting in a chair.

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He's smoking sometimes something
that looks like a pipe.

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But as you can see in this second image, it's
kind of a little bit wibbly wobbly.

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Like a computer doesn't really
know what a pipe looks like.

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It's kind of doing an approximation
of what one is.

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And it does that by analyzing all the different
images of a pipe that it's ever seen,

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that are on the internet, and it synthesizes,
it creates a pipe that it thinks exists.

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But sometimes it gets things a little bit wrong.

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So we might want to change it up.

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We might want to have it look like a woman
or have it look like someone else.

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[silence]

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There we go.

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So we've got a few other options.

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We might also want to do something like change
the style to like a surrealist kind of style

196
00:21:19.720 --> 00:21:22.720
and maybe make it hyper-color.

197
00:21:22.720 --> 00:21:25.720
[silence]

198
00:21:25.720 --> 00:21:30.720
Let's make it hyper-color rainbow just
because that's kind of fun.

199
00:21:30.720 --> 00:21:32.720
See what that looks like.

200
00:21:32.720 --> 00:21:40.720
[silence]

201
00:21:40.720 --> 00:21:42.720
Yeah, so this is pretty cool.

202
00:21:42.720 --> 00:21:44.720
I think I especially like the
one on the end here.

203
00:21:44.720 --> 00:21:45.720
That's pretty nice.

204
00:21:45.720 --> 00:21:50.720
I really like how the rainbow's
been broken down like this.

205
00:21:50.720 --> 00:21:52.720
Let's make it a little bit darker.

206
00:21:52.720 --> 00:21:55.720
So I'm adding the word dark here.

207
00:21:55.720 --> 00:21:59.720
So that will change the overall
aesthetic as well.

208
00:21:59.720 --> 00:22:03.720
[silence]

209
00:22:03.720 --> 00:22:04.720
That's a bit nicer.

210
00:22:04.720 --> 00:22:06.720
I think a bit more aesthetically pleasing.

211
00:22:06.720 --> 00:22:09.720
So like I really like this one
on the left for example.

212
00:22:09.720 --> 00:22:10.720
That's really awesome.

213
00:22:10.720 --> 00:22:14.720
But her face has lost quite a bit of detail.

214
00:22:14.720 --> 00:22:18.720
So we might want to add some
more detail in there.

215
00:22:18.720 --> 00:22:22.720
So you can even add things like
highly detailed face.

216
00:22:22.720 --> 00:22:28.720
[silence]

217
00:22:28.720 --> 00:22:38.720
[silence]

218
00:22:38.720 --> 00:22:42.720
Yeah, so we've brought back a bit
more detail in the face here.

219
00:22:42.720 --> 00:22:45.720
Like especially in this particular one.

220
00:22:45.720 --> 00:22:48.720
Like we've moved away quite a
bit from the original image

221
00:22:48.720 --> 00:22:50.720
and what we were trying to achieve.

222
00:22:50.720 --> 00:22:53.720
But I suppose what we're trying
to achieve is maybe

223
00:22:53.720 --> 00:22:56.720
looking at the composition of the original image,

224
00:22:56.720 --> 00:22:59.720
breaking that down into how a
computer might understand

225
00:22:59.720 --> 00:23:01.720
those individual components.

226
00:23:01.720 --> 00:23:03.720
And then adding our own spin.

227
00:23:03.720 --> 00:23:06.720
Adding back in the emotion,
the interesting parts,

228
00:23:06.720 --> 00:23:08.720
and making our own images.

229
00:23:08.720 --> 00:23:10.720
[coughing]

230
00:23:10.720 --> 00:23:12.720
Excuse me.

231
00:23:12.720 --> 00:23:15.720
[silence]

232
00:23:15.720 --> 00:23:17.720
So I'll stop talking for just a little bit

233
00:23:17.720 --> 00:23:22.720
and leave you to experiment with this
for five or ten minutes or so.

234
00:23:22.720 --> 00:23:27.720
And then I'll jump back in and tell you a little
bit more about prompt engineering.

235
00:23:27.720 --> 00:23:30.720
I can see some of you are holding
up your drawings.

236
00:23:30.720 --> 00:23:31.720
They look amazing.

237
00:23:31.720 --> 00:23:34.720
Some of the people who did physical ones.

238
00:23:34.720 --> 00:23:37.720
And I hope that the people who
are using AI generators

239
00:23:37.720 --> 00:23:40.720
are having a good time too, working
together to come up

240
00:23:40.720 --> 00:23:44.720
with some interesting artworks
and interesting ideas.

241
00:23:44.720 --> 00:23:46.720
Amazing.

242
00:23:46.720 --> 00:23:48.720
These look great.

243
00:23:48.720 --> 00:23:50.720
Well done.

244
00:23:50.720 --> 00:23:52.720
Very cool.

245
00:23:52.720 --> 00:24:02.720
So I will tell you while you're working
on this a little bit more

246
00:24:02.720 --> 00:24:09.720
that using AI generators is a bit
of a mix of art and science.

247
00:24:09.720 --> 00:24:13.720
You can understand about how human brains work.

248
00:24:13.720 --> 00:24:16.720
You can understand about how computers
understand language.

249
00:24:16.720 --> 00:24:20.720
But sometimes even when you know those things,

250
00:24:20.720 --> 00:24:27.720
it's a little bit of an art to try and get
what you want out of a system like this.

251
00:24:27.720 --> 00:24:33.720
So the job of doing this sort of work
is now called prompt engineering.

252
00:24:33.720 --> 00:24:37.720
So there are people who are professional
prompt engineers

253
00:24:37.720 --> 00:24:41.720
who just work on understanding AI systems

254
00:24:41.720 --> 00:24:44.720
and trying to get the best out of them,

255
00:24:44.720 --> 00:24:47.720
working out what the problems are.

256
00:24:47.720 --> 00:24:52.720
And yeah, some people have jobs working for
companies doing this kind of thing,

257
00:24:52.720 --> 00:24:57.720
either with language generators
or art generators.

258
00:24:57.720 --> 00:25:11.720
Sometimes another tip that I have when I am
working with these sorts of AI tools

259
00:25:11.720 --> 00:25:15.720
is I focus on texture quite a lot.

260
00:25:15.720 --> 00:25:17.720
That's a good one.

261
00:25:17.720 --> 00:25:22.720
So something that computers do know
how to do is represent textures.

262
00:25:22.720 --> 00:25:28.720
So I would talk about the texture of wood
grain or the texture of a linen shirt

263
00:25:28.720 --> 00:25:34.720
or those sorts of things, texture
of wallpaper in the prompt.

264
00:25:34.720 --> 00:25:37.720
And that can sometimes get you
better results as well.

265
00:25:40.720 --> 00:25:44.720
So we'll just go for a couple
more minutes, I think.

266
00:25:44.720 --> 00:25:49.720
And I will just mention as well,
if you can't use Dali,

267
00:25:49.720 --> 00:25:57.720
you can use Bing Image Generator, which
is free and it's based on Dali.

268
00:25:57.720 --> 00:26:04.720
The only thing is you have to use Microsoft
Edge, which is a specific browser.

269
00:26:04.720 --> 00:26:07.720
But it is free.

270
00:26:07.720 --> 00:26:12.720
So how are you all going? Did you come
up with some interesting results?

271
00:26:12.720 --> 00:26:17.720
Yeah, does anyone have anything?

272
00:26:17.720 --> 00:26:20.720
I guess you can show me your physical
drawings on the screen.

273
00:26:20.720 --> 00:26:27.720
Well, does anyone want to write in the chat or post
in the chat what their image looked like?

274
00:26:27.720 --> 00:26:30.720
Can you post images in the chat?

275
00:26:30.720 --> 00:26:33.720
Yeah.

276
00:26:36.720 --> 00:26:39.720
Amazing. I can see some great drawings there.

277
00:26:39.720 --> 00:26:43.720
I also saw someone dancing like a robot.
I thought that was pretty good.

278
00:26:43.720 --> 00:26:48.720
Getting into the vibe of AI.

279
00:26:48.720 --> 00:26:56.720
You all look like you're having a lot of fun.

280
00:26:56.720 --> 00:27:09.720
[silence]

281
00:27:09.720 --> 00:27:12.720
Oh, I see there's an interesting one there.

282
00:27:12.720 --> 00:27:15.720
Lots of interesting work going on.

283
00:27:15.720 --> 00:27:19.720
Alright, well maybe we'll move to the next slide.

284
00:27:22.720 --> 00:27:30.720
Okay, so do you think you can maybe,
can the groups drop in the chat,

285
00:27:30.720 --> 00:27:37.720
tell us a bit of a story about what you created
and what inspired your choices?

286
00:27:37.720 --> 00:27:42.720
Maybe what sort of words you used in
your prompt if you were using AI?

287
00:27:42.720 --> 00:27:45.720
I can see a very cool picture
of a brain up there.

288
00:27:47.720 --> 00:27:54.720
And I think what I want you to know is all the different
styles and interpretations are quite interesting.

289
00:27:54.720 --> 00:28:01.720
No two pieces will be exactly alike because even though
they're created by machines if you're using AI,

290
00:28:01.720 --> 00:28:08.720
we're using human input as well to drive that.

291
00:28:08.720 --> 00:28:16.720
So we all have unique viewpoints and perceptions that
make our world a rich tapestry of experiences.

292
00:28:17.720 --> 00:28:21.720
Would anyone like to write the sorts of
words that they put into prompts?

293
00:28:21.720 --> 00:28:34.720
I like to put words that represent different
painting styles sometimes.

294
00:28:34.720 --> 00:28:38.720
Sometimes that's a good way, sometimes
you can write oil painting,

295
00:28:38.720 --> 00:28:41.720
sometimes you might write charcoal drawing.

296
00:28:43.720 --> 00:28:47.720
Oh wow, I can see that someone did a physical
drawing with a mixture of animals.

297
00:28:47.720 --> 00:28:49.720
That's a good one.

298
00:28:49.720 --> 00:28:56.720
Yeah, because we did talk about how different animals have different
types of brains and what they look like as well.

299
00:28:56.720 --> 00:29:03.720
So human brains are quite wrinkly and then
other brains can be quite smooth.

300
00:29:03.720 --> 00:29:06.720
Good choice of animals there.

301
00:29:06.720 --> 00:29:09.720
Anyone else?

302
00:29:10.720 --> 00:29:16.720
Ah, I can see someone's done a great drawing there
of a person sitting down next to some books.

303
00:29:16.720 --> 00:29:19.720
That looks a lot like the person with a glove.

304
00:29:19.720 --> 00:29:21.720
Oh, I can see you there, yeah.

305
00:29:21.720 --> 00:29:26.720
And isn't it interesting how all our drawings
look a little bit different?

306
00:29:26.720 --> 00:29:29.720
So we bring our unique human perspectives there.

307
00:29:29.720 --> 00:29:32.720
Amazing.

308
00:29:32.720 --> 00:29:36.720
I see that a lot of you have drawn
the bookcase next to the person,

309
00:29:36.720 --> 00:29:39.720
so you've picked that out as
being pretty important.

310
00:29:40.720 --> 00:29:44.720
So that's an interesting feature of humans too.

311
00:29:44.720 --> 00:29:48.720
So we're really good at looking at an image
and realising what's important

312
00:29:48.720 --> 00:29:55.720
because we have that idea of storytelling and we tell ourselves
stories to know what's important in our environment

313
00:29:55.720 --> 00:29:57.720
and what we need to pay attention to.

314
00:29:57.720 --> 00:30:04.720
You know, a computer might not know those sorts of things
and so we have to tell it what to focus on.

315
00:30:05.720 --> 00:30:09.720
I see there's a lot of detail
in some of these. Amazing.

316
00:30:09.720 --> 00:30:12.720
You've all done really well.

317
00:30:12.720 --> 00:30:16.720
Someone didn't put hands on theirs.

318
00:30:16.720 --> 00:30:18.720
That's okay, hands are really hard.

319
00:30:18.720 --> 00:30:21.720
I don't know if I can draw hands either.

320
00:30:21.720 --> 00:30:26.720
Amazing.

321
00:30:26.720 --> 00:30:29.720
Oh, I see a nice close-up of a
face smoking a pipe there.

322
00:30:29.720 --> 00:30:30.720
I like that one.

323
00:30:30.720 --> 00:30:32.720
I love the glasses, love the hair.

324
00:30:32.720 --> 00:30:35.720
Oh, another one. Great shirt on that one.

325
00:30:35.720 --> 00:30:37.720
Great shirt.

326
00:30:37.720 --> 00:30:39.720
Oh, and is that a sun up in the top there?

327
00:30:39.720 --> 00:30:40.720
Yeah.

328
00:30:40.720 --> 00:30:42.720
I love it.

329
00:30:42.720 --> 00:30:47.720
You know, what's really interesting as well is
when you look at all these drawings, right,

330
00:30:47.720 --> 00:30:52.720
we all focus on this idea of a very
central figure in the face.

331
00:30:52.720 --> 00:30:56.720
So that's really important to us as humans
because what we're doing is,

332
00:30:56.720 --> 00:31:01.720
when we look at a painting of a person, we're
trying to understand their body language,

333
00:31:01.720 --> 00:31:04.720
what they might be thinking, what
they might be feeling.

334
00:31:04.720 --> 00:31:06.720
We're really actually trying to do,

335
00:31:06.720 --> 00:31:09.720
we're trying to get inside the
mind of the other person

336
00:31:09.720 --> 00:31:12.720
and understand what they might
be thinking and feeling.

337
00:31:12.720 --> 00:31:15.720
Even if we don't know it, that's
actually what we're doing.

338
00:31:15.720 --> 00:31:25.720
All right, let's continue on.

339
00:31:25.720 --> 00:31:26.720
Okay.

340
00:31:26.720 --> 00:31:34.720
So I guess like a really important
point of this is that

341
00:31:34.720 --> 00:31:42.720
AI systems, as impressive as they seem to be and as
cool as some of the images are that come out,

342
00:31:42.720 --> 00:31:47.720
they really are unable to create
art by themselves.

343
00:31:47.720 --> 00:31:56.720
So a human, a person is required to drive the AI, to put
in the prompts and to get interesting results out.

344
00:31:56.720 --> 00:32:01.720
And even after that, you know, you saw
that when I use those AI systems,

345
00:32:01.720 --> 00:32:03.720
four results would come out at a time.

346
00:32:03.720 --> 00:32:10.720
And it's up to me as a human person to
choose which artworks are the best

347
00:32:10.720 --> 00:32:12.720
and then work on that.

348
00:32:12.720 --> 00:32:14.720
And it's called iterating.

349
00:32:14.720 --> 00:32:19.720
So you might choose an image that you think is
good and try and build on those results.

350
00:32:19.720 --> 00:32:26.720
And as you feed more prompts into the AI system,
it learns from what you're wanting.

351
00:32:26.720 --> 00:32:34.720
So it kind of changes that model of an AI system
and changes the sort of output that it creates

352
00:32:34.720 --> 00:32:37.720
and drives it in a certain direction.

353
00:32:40.720 --> 00:32:44.720
Cool. So someone created a rainbow
mag pie in spring.

354
00:32:44.720 --> 00:32:49.720
I love it. It sounds beautiful and
dangerous at the same time.

355
00:32:49.720 --> 00:32:52.720
Someone didn't put feet on their
person. That's okay.

356
00:32:52.720 --> 00:32:56.720
I like to just cover feet in shoes
because feet are really hard to,

357
00:32:56.720 --> 00:32:58.720
not as hard as hands, but they're pretty hard.

358
00:32:59.720 --> 00:33:01.720
Hmm.

359
00:33:01.720 --> 00:33:16.720
Amazing. I see that some of you did
a lot of drawings on green paper.

360
00:33:16.720 --> 00:33:18.720
I love it. I love green.

361
00:33:18.720 --> 00:33:23.720
Oh, and I can see someone's holding up work
that they did with an image generator.

362
00:33:23.720 --> 00:33:27.720
That actually looks like a really beautiful
texture. Is that right?

363
00:33:27.720 --> 00:33:33.720
It looks amazing. I like creating textures
with AI generators too.

364
00:33:33.720 --> 00:33:35.720
That's actually one of my favorite things to do.

365
00:33:35.720 --> 00:33:38.720
You can get really amazing looking textures.

366
00:33:38.720 --> 00:33:42.720
Some of them come out really detailed.
It's really cool.

367
00:33:42.720 --> 00:33:53.720
So some of the, one of the interesting questions
that's just come out in the chat is

368
00:33:53.720 --> 00:33:58.720
what could be some of the ethical issues
to consider around AI generated art?

369
00:33:58.720 --> 00:34:03.720
So that's a really interesting question and I'm
involved in a lot of that kind of work.

370
00:34:03.720 --> 00:34:11.720
So the thing is, it's probably a little
hard for the students to understand,

371
00:34:11.720 --> 00:34:15.720
but copyright issues is one.

372
00:34:15.720 --> 00:34:20.720
So in Australia, you can't copyright
AI generated work.

373
00:34:20.720 --> 00:34:24.720
I mean, that's okay. It just means
that it's all open commons,

374
00:34:24.720 --> 00:34:28.720
but it depends on what you're
using the output for.

375
00:34:28.720 --> 00:34:38.720
Another issue is some artists feel like AI generators
aren't creative or are stealing from other artists.

376
00:34:38.720 --> 00:34:44.720
I don't actually feel that way, but there's
a few different issues there.

377
00:34:44.720 --> 00:34:48.720
If there's anything specific you'd like me
to address, just pop it in the chat

378
00:34:48.720 --> 00:34:51.720
and I'm happy to chat about it.

379
00:34:51.720 --> 00:34:56.720
But one of the reasons why I suggest
to Dali or Microsoft Bing,

380
00:34:56.720 --> 00:35:02.720
even though you have to pay for it, is actually
because it's one of the safest

381
00:35:02.720 --> 00:35:04.720
image generators to use.

382
00:35:04.720 --> 00:35:14.720
It has a very high filter on it so that all the images that
you get out are going to be very child friendly.

383
00:35:14.720 --> 00:35:20.720
So that's why I've chosen it for
this reason, for this class.

384
00:35:20.720 --> 00:35:28.720
So for the kids, something that might be
really cool to think about next is,

385
00:35:28.720 --> 00:35:33.720
what do you think an artist of
the future might be like?

386
00:35:33.720 --> 00:35:39.720
I mean, what do you imagine if you're going
to be an artist when you grow up,

387
00:35:39.720 --> 00:35:41.720
what sort of tools do you think you'd be using?

388
00:35:41.720 --> 00:35:45.720
Do you think you'd be using computers or do you
think you'd be using pencils and paper?

389
00:35:45.720 --> 00:35:50.720
And you can write those answers in the chat too.

390
00:35:50.720 --> 00:35:54.720
I know for sure when I was a kid, I didn't think
I'd be using computers to make art,

391
00:35:54.720 --> 00:36:01.720
and now I do it every day.

392
00:36:01.720 --> 00:36:07.720
So maybe an artist of the future
might be making art in space.

393
00:36:07.720 --> 00:36:12.720
Maybe an artist of the future might
be making art in virtual reality,

394
00:36:12.720 --> 00:36:20.720
or maybe they do something else that's completely
different that we don't even know about yet.

395
00:36:20.720 --> 00:36:25.720
If you have any ideas of what you think
artists in the future will do,

396
00:36:25.720 --> 00:36:31.720
pop it in the chat. I'd love to talk about it.

397
00:36:31.720 --> 00:36:37.720
So in one group, the majority of the class
voted for pencils and paper. Good one.

398
00:36:37.720 --> 00:36:44.720
I mean, they'll always be easily
available, won't they?

399
00:36:44.720 --> 00:36:48.720
And another group thinks that
robots will do it for us.

400
00:36:48.720 --> 00:36:50.720
That'd be pretty cool, pretty cool.

401
00:36:50.720 --> 00:36:57.720
And another group thinks that it will depend on how
you're feeling and what you want to achieve,

402
00:36:57.720 --> 00:37:02.720
which is a very good response.

403
00:37:02.720 --> 00:37:10.720
Do you think that robots will ever be able to
paint, like create real physical paintings?

404
00:37:10.720 --> 00:37:16.720
Yeah, somebody thinks that robots paint
and paint brushes will be the way.

405
00:37:16.720 --> 00:37:24.720
Do you think that we'll ever see paintings in an
art gallery that are just painted by robots?

406
00:37:24.720 --> 00:37:28.720
Do you think there'll be a whole different portrait
gallery, which is just portraits of robots

407
00:37:28.720 --> 00:37:44.720
and portraits painted by robots?

408
00:37:44.720 --> 00:37:50.720
Some people think that robots are already
serving us food in some restaurants,

409
00:37:50.720 --> 00:38:15.720
so they'll be definitely doing paintings as well.

410
00:38:15.720 --> 00:38:20.720
Someone has said it wouldn't be the same.
Now, I wonder why that might be.

411
00:38:20.720 --> 00:38:26.720
It wouldn't be the same if a robot did
paintings for us. I wonder why.

412
00:38:26.720 --> 00:38:34.720
Do you think it's because we bring our own
stories and connections to an artwork,

413
00:38:34.720 --> 00:38:44.720
and it's really important to see the human point
of view? Or do you think it's something else?

414
00:38:44.720 --> 00:39:00.720
We put feelings into our paintings.
Yeah, I agree.

415
00:39:00.720 --> 00:39:06.720
Someone's also said robot artwork will go into galleries
because it is still artwork and it's still important,

416
00:39:06.720 --> 00:39:10.720
even if you're not human. That's a very
interesting point of view as well.

417
00:39:10.720 --> 00:39:17.720
Some people believe that robots will be creating paintings
and we will care about them and the robots

418
00:39:17.720 --> 00:39:27.720
just as much in the future.

419
00:39:27.720 --> 00:39:39.720
Yeah, people say robots don't really have any feelings.
Someone's mentioned that in the chat.

420
00:39:39.720 --> 00:39:44.720
Someone else has said in the chat that it would be
interesting to see ideas through robots' eyes.

421
00:39:44.720 --> 00:39:49.720
I agree. I think that would be really cool.

422
00:39:49.720 --> 00:39:58.720
We have robots around in our everyday life as well. Some
people have those little round vacuum cleaners

423
00:39:58.720 --> 00:40:05.720
called Roombas that vacuum up all by themselves.
That's pretty fancy if you have one of those.

424
00:40:05.720 --> 00:40:14.720
They're pretty fun. I saw an artwork once where someone
taped a paintbrush and painted with a Roomba

425
00:40:14.720 --> 00:40:19.720
just by having it drive around on a big piece
of paper. That was pretty amazing.

426
00:40:19.720 --> 00:40:31.720
They had a few Roombas in the gallery and they were all driving
around and painting, doing amazing squiggly work.

427
00:40:31.720 --> 00:40:38.720
I'm glad that some of the students in the chat are highly
engaged in drawing their own creative pictures

428
00:40:38.720 --> 00:40:48.720
with pencil and paper and not considering future technological
advances right now. That is okay.

429
00:40:48.720 --> 00:41:13.720
[laughs]

430
00:41:13.720 --> 00:41:29.720
Okay, well, you've all done such amazing work today. I might open
up the chat to just general question and answers if you like.

431
00:41:29.720 --> 00:41:37.720
Well, so one student in the chat has noted that once someone
taped a banana to a wall with some duct tape

432
00:41:37.720 --> 00:41:42.720
and that was considered a masterpiece, surely
robots can do better than that.

433
00:41:42.720 --> 00:41:51.720
I'm not sure. Maybe they can't. Maybe they'll just continuously
draw humans with banana hands. I don't know.

434
00:41:51.720 --> 00:42:02.720
Some students in the chat think that robots might take over
the world. It's possible. I hope not. I don't think so.

435
00:42:02.720 --> 00:42:09.720
I think robots will always need people to do
the big thinking, the big picture stuff.

436
00:42:09.720 --> 00:42:31.720
Someone thinks that humans will
make invisible cars.

437
00:42:31.720 --> 00:42:43.720
Yeah, invisible cars do sound kind of dangerous, don't they? Yeah, does anyone
have any general brain or computer or general science questions for me?

438
00:42:43.720 --> 00:42:58.720
You can type them in the chat if you do. Or any questions about AI systems
or just anything that's come to your mind from doing this workshop.

439
00:42:58.720 --> 00:43:09.720
What is 2 divided by 0? I didn't
say maths questions.

440
00:43:09.720 --> 00:43:18.720
Ah, so someone has mentioned in the chat that maybe
robots will infringe the copyright of humans.

441
00:43:18.720 --> 00:43:24.720
Okay, and someone's asked a really great question.
So how do the computers know what to do?

442
00:43:24.720 --> 00:43:32.720
So computers work by running programs and programs can
be thought of as running a set of instructions.

443
00:43:32.720 --> 00:43:43.720
AI is a little bit like running a type of program, except instead of it being a really
specific list of instructions where we know what happens, it's dynamic.

444
00:43:43.720 --> 00:43:50.720
It changes depending on the scenario. So the instructions
could change from second to second.

445
00:43:50.720 --> 00:43:58.720
And that's how we get generative AI, which is how we get these
really interesting images that are made with AI systems.

446
00:43:58.720 --> 00:44:10.720
So there's a general base sort of instruction, but there's also
a lot of changing elements, variables that change the output.

447
00:44:10.720 --> 00:44:21.720
So someone's also asked, is AI controlled by humans
or computers? And it is controlled by humans.

448
00:44:21.720 --> 00:44:37.720
It doesn't really do anything by itself. It requires humans to press the go button, essentially,
and to write the instruction or the prompt that gets interpreted by the program.

449
00:44:37.720 --> 00:44:46.720
And someone's also asked, would AI be able to understand human feelings
if we program them to? That's a really great question.

450
00:44:46.720 --> 00:44:56.720
And no one really knows. Computer brains, well computer brains,
computers think so differently from human brains.

451
00:44:56.720 --> 00:45:03.720
It's hard to know whether they would ever
be able to understand human emotions.

452
00:45:03.720 --> 00:45:14.720
So the way I think about it is like it's kind of like the difference
between an analogue clock with hands and a digital clock.

453
00:45:14.720 --> 00:45:20.720
They actually sort of do the same thing, but
the way they work is completely different.

454
00:45:20.720 --> 00:45:31.720
And they're not really related in any way, except that they can
tell you the correct time when you want it, essentially.

455
00:45:31.720 --> 00:45:45.720
So I think, you know, whether AI systems will ever be able to understand emotions,
I don't think so because I don't think they have the right hardware.

456
00:45:45.720 --> 00:45:53.720
So let's see. Someone has said, will AIs be able to rule the
world? Some people are a little bit worried about that.

457
00:45:53.720 --> 00:46:07.720
It depends on who you ask. I don't think so.

458
00:46:07.720 --> 00:46:16.720
Oh wow, I can see another AI generated work there with a rainbow. It
looks like a rainbow carpet or a rainbow road. Looks amazing.

459
00:46:16.720 --> 00:46:26.720
So some students say that robots won't feel human emotions because
they don't have our experiences and they don't have hearts.

460
00:46:26.720 --> 00:46:36.720
So it's really not, it's true. It's not really about the heart,
I suppose. It's really more about the experiences.

461
00:46:36.720 --> 00:46:41.720
They can't put stories together. It's not
really the same sort of thing. Yeah.

462
00:46:41.720 --> 00:46:48.720
They're smart, but they're not like human
smart. Humans are very creative.

463
00:46:48.720 --> 00:46:59.720
AIs seem like they're being creative, but they're really just
putting out ideas that they've already seen before.

464
00:46:59.720 --> 00:47:03.720
Okay, I think I'll do one last question.

465
00:47:03.720 --> 00:47:14.720
And couldn't AI help humans do everything? I don't think they can help humans do everything,
but I think they can help with a lot of tasks that we might find boring or repetitive.

466
00:47:14.720 --> 00:47:24.720
I think that AI could do those sorts of things really well. Like
filling in a form for us. They could maybe tidy up for us.

467
00:47:24.720 --> 00:47:30.720
They can do things that are easy
to write instructions for.

468
00:47:30.720 --> 00:47:36.720
Cool. Well, I might bring Amy back to wrap up.

469
00:47:36.720 --> 00:47:45.720
Hi, everyone. Hello again. I've been watching your amazing creativity.
How you all go in, my little scientists. Wonderful staff.

470
00:47:45.720 --> 00:47:50.720
I'd like to say thank you so much for
everybody for joining us today.

471
00:47:50.720 --> 00:47:59.720
And if you can, wave your virtual hands and thank Jess for
doing a big thanks and a wave. That would be wonderful.

472
00:47:59.720 --> 00:48:06.720
Those people that haven't been able to put on your cameras, you're more than welcome
to do their reaction buttons and give Jess a lovely wave and a thank you.

473
00:48:06.720 --> 00:48:13.720
On behalf of the gallery, I'd like to thank everyone for
their time in particular Jess. So we'll leave you now.

474
00:48:13.720 --> 00:48:22.720
But if teachers, if you have any comments or need any resources or anything, please contact
us here at the gallery and yeah, have a really good rest of your afternoon.

475
00:48:22.720 --> 00:48:24.720
Bye everyone. Big thanks for Jess again.

476
00:48:24.720 --> 00:48:26.720
Happy science week.

477
00:48:26.720 --> 00:48:28.720
Bye everybody.